Chapter i introduction background of the study here in the philippines, we believe in the saying of our national hero dr. Child spouses this digest focuses on early marriage the marriage of children and young people under the age of 18 from a human rights perspective. The effects of effects of early marriage essay 7033 words. Solutions to end child marriage healthy newborn network. Child marriage prevention as a deliberate objective in programs. It is one of the causes which affect the lives of young girls. Child marriage, early marriage, maternal mortality child marriage, defined as marriage of a child under 18 years of age, is a silent and yet widespread practice. Some previous presentations showed that the phenomenon of early marriage was related to the high poverty and social constraints due to conflicts, political and economical obstacles, instability, and shortage of services in education, housing, and professional development. Child marriage, defined as marriage of a child marriage include early marriage and child brides. More effective advocacy and programming will follow.
It is a violation of human rights in general and of girls rights in particular. That is 23 girls every minute married off too soon, their personal development and wellbeing put at risk. The effects of early marriage topics, sample papers. If we dont act now, more than 150 million girls will become child brides by 2030. From an early age, we meet other people including our opposite sex. A qualitative study on the causes and consequences of. One has to take on household responsibilities, child rearing responsibility, etc. Besides having a negative impact on girls themselves, the practice of early marriage also has negative consequences on their children, families, and society as a whole. Sadly, as this digest makes clear, the practice of early marriage gives no. This project undertaken would study one aspect of marriage, which is seen as a social problem in contemporary nigerian society.
Early marriage, marital relations and intimate partner. An early marriage, is an issue where argued by many now a days. Thema t unrecognised sexual abuse and exploitation of children in child, early and forced marriage 1 thematic report. Both physically and socially the marriage relation can be permanently in. Child marriage can have devastating consequences for. Elsewhere these factors have been found important in explaining variation in the timing of marriage smith and karim, 1980. Early adolescent marriage arranged for girls between ages of 1014. The risk of girls dropping out peaks in the seventh and eighth grades and. During this marriage, girls face extreme hardships including the lack of education, emotional adversity, and poor social skills. For some families, early marriages are beneficial by providing family honor and protection from marrying young girls in the household to wealthy husbands. Moreover, what is early for one person may be late for another. Early marriage is vague and does not necessarily refer to children.
The effect of education on the timing of marriage in kenya. Responsibility has to be shouldered at a very young age. Early marriages, adolescent and young pregnancies report by the secretariat 1. Effect of child marriage on girls school dropout in nepal. Child marriage has numerous adverse effects on the overall wellbeing of children who are mentally, psychologically, emotionally and physical unfit for married life. A loving couple who seeks to bring out the best in one another can look forward to a long and fruitful life, enjoying their children, grandchildren, and greatgrandchildren together. Stanley chimanikire, the traditional leader of seke who sponsored the event, cited legal difficulties that sometimes accompany early marriage. As we learn what leads people to marry their daughters and sons as children, we can address those causes to stop child marriage. Until more is known about their situation there can be no reliable estimates of the scale of their predicament, or of the social damage that is carried forward. Child marriage, defined as marriage of a child of age, is an ancient, worldwide custom. While the legal age limit for boys and girls in india are 21 years and 18 years respectively, there are many parts of the country where early marriages take place. Child brides, global consequences council on foreign relations. Overall, the risk of school dropout due to marriage heightens after girls complete the fifth or sixth grade.
This map does not reflect a position by unicef on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any front iers. In bangladesh, 45% of young women between 25 and 29 were. Child marriage is driven by poverty and has many effects on girls health. The effects of early marriage essay topics, sample papers. The the causes, consequences and solutions to causes, consequences and solutions tocauses, consequences and solutions to forced forced forced child marriage child marriage child marriage in the developing worldin the developing world testimony submitted to u. Faso, cameroon, cote divoire, guinea, and togo, lloyd and mensch 2008 find that for girls aged 15 to 24, child marriage and pregnancies directly account for between 5% and 33% of dropouts, depending on the country. Unicef defines child marriage as a formal marriage or union before 18 years of age. To keep the traditions preserved is one of the primary tasks in many african countries. Under the marriage act, the legal minimum marriage age for boys is 18, while for girls it is 16. In 2006, pathfinder internationalethiopia conducted a crosssectional communitybased study of the incidence, reasons for, and the personal and social consequences of early marriage. Forced and early marriage is a form of culturallyjustified violence against women as well as a violation of human rights that is endemic in many countries.
The institution of marriage, quite like that of the family, is universal. In their hand lies the future generation to follow. Early marriage is followed by early divorce for many, so it is not. Early marriage contributes to a series of negative consequences both for young girls and the society in which they live. The impact of early marriage taking action the need for research in conclusion links references innocenti digest no. The consequences of child marriage to the girls who experience it can be devastating. Child marriage 12 million girls marry before the age of 18 each year almost one every 2 seconds. In niger, for example, 77% of women in their early 20s were married as children. One of the most effective methods of reducing child marriage and its health consequences is mandating that girls stay in school. Even though boys can be victims of child marriage, the consequences are less severe and therefore, focus shall be put on girls only in this thesis. Consequently, the first requirement in addressing early marriage must be more research and more understanding.
Digging up the roots of child marriage helps us replant the future for millions of girls around the world. Promissory marriage arranged before the birth of the child. Child marriage also occurs in parts of the middle east, including yemen and the rural maghreb. Child marriage is a global problem that affect millions of children, mostly girls, across the world. The emotional and social effects of early marriage are varied, but one of the most common outcomes is the withdrawal of girls from formal education. Related literature of early marriage is literature that looks critically at the effects of early marriages.
Top 7 disadvantages of early marriage problems of early. In 2006, pathfinder internationalethiopia conducted a crosssectional communitybased study of the incidence, reasons for, and the personal and social consequences of early marriage in the region of amhara. The causes and effects of early marriage his world. Want to marry the one you love as soon as possible. Other terms applied to child marriage include early marriage and child brides. Until the late 20th century, teen marriage was very common and instrumental in securing a family, continuing a blood lineage and producing offspring for labour. While more women are now marrying at late ages, in many regions, early marriage remains the norms. House of representatives human rights commissions human rights commission.
If the present trend continues, 100 million girls will marry over the next decade. Child marriage can be considered a form of forced marriage because children are unable. Zimbabwes 20 constitution allows for consensual marriage between people who are 18 years old and above. Based on thousands of surveys and interviews with parents, community leaders, and children in communities in all 3 countries, the report details the underlying causes of child marriage alongside a suite of recommendations for countering the endurance of. Maintaining a marriage is not easy in a society where one out of every two marriages will end in divorce. This brief focuses on recent research evidence concerning one of these potential benefits of marriage its effects on health. Too young, mentally and physically to become a mother, early motherhood puts the health of the mother and child in danger. The cause and effect of teenage pregnancy in this local government is not as high as it used to be because of socialization and. Pdf the incidence of child marriage is not only in nepal but also in the world. In the united states, child marriage is still permissible in some states, with parental or judicial consent. According to survey, one of the main reasons for child labour, unemployment, low literacy rate and poor health standards in pakistan is the early marriage early marriages in pakistan. Asia child marriage initiative, was commissioned by plan international and ukbased research firm coram international.
They concluded that the effects of child marriage do not cease with childhood. Although early marriage is a matter of great concern, there is far too little concrete information on its prevalence or its impacts. Abstract the incidence of child marriage is not only in nepal but also in the world. Causes, consequences and solutions to forced child marriage. The study will try to find out its probable causes and effects with particular reference to akatta, a town in orueast local government area of imo state. At its heart, child marriage is rooted in gender inequality and the belief that girls and women are somehow inferior to boys and men. Resources and documents about child marriage save the children. Marriage is a social union or legalcontract between two couples thatcreates kinship. It focuses on all the integral aspects of such marriages. Then pause and think twice before you do so because there is a good and bad side of everything. Introduction child marriage refers to any marriage of a child younger than eighteen years old, in accordance to article 1 of the convention of the right of the child. The causes, consequences and solutions to forced child. According to le fever, quiroga and murphy 2004 noted that 2050 percent of women in developing countries are marred by the age of 18, with the highest percentages in sub. Early marriage is at its most severe in ethiopia, though prevalence varies from one region to another.
Marriage in the past marriage now a days what are the causes of early marriage. The causes, consequences and solutions to forced child marriage. Proportion of women aged 2024 in union by age 18 this map does not reflect a position by unicef on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. Health consequences of child marriage in africa volume. Does the idea of getting married to your prince charming fascinate you. Women are important because it is they who procreate children. Nov 01, 2008 early marriage comes with its own set of difficulties, however, and if understanding and supporting all marriages be they early, normative, or late is a goal of scholarship and policy, this population should garner more attention from both researchers and policymakers. Therefore, child marriage in nigeria has an inevitable impact on those who are subjected to it, and here are consequences of this kind of marriage for young girls. These impacts have negative consequences not only for the girls marrying early, but also for their children and for communities and societies as a. If a couple gets married when they are both still young, the effects of early marriage on health can be either positive or negative, depending on their maturity and commitment to each other. There is also limited understanding of the factors that might impact the psychological wellbeing and mental health of girls who marry early in the subsaharan african context. It is mostly in south asia, africa, and latin america. Pdf psychological impact evaluation of early marriages. A theory of child marriage zaki wahhaj university of kent november 2014 abstract the practice of early marriage for women remains prevalent in developing countries around the world today, and is associated with various health risks, including infant mortality and maternal mortality as a consequence of early pregnancy.
Opinion the curse of early marriage the new york times. Marriage before the age of 18 is a fundamental violation of human rights. Early motherhood is one of the most adverse effects of child marriage and often leads to the death of the young mother during child birth. The causes and consequences of early marriage in the. Child marriage is a human rights violation that we must.
List of books and articles about child marriage online. New evidence on child marriage causes and solutions plan. It was found that early marriage is the most common reason given for leaving school. Unicef 2000 argues that it is not only girls that pay for early marriage but also the society as a whole. Types of early marriages early marriage is arranged in a different age group.
In january 2012, the executive board at its th session considered an earlier version of this. Early child marriage in nigeria is a violation of the fundamental human rights of women as many girls are forced into marriage against their freewill and consent. Perceptions of early marriage 7 chapter i introduction in 1998, the median age at first marriage was 26. There is no adult to guide or help out in case the couple is living alone. But as we see from the situation nowadays, what were expecting from the youth is the contrary if the saying. Girls not brides is a global partnership of more than 0 civil society organisations committed to ending child marriage and enabling girls to fulfil their potential. While the age of marriage is generally on the rise, early marriage marriage of children and ado lescents below the age of 18 is still wide ly practised. But when she was 14, her uncle who was raising her, told her she was too old for school. Countless women in certain countries do not contest early marriage arrangements out of fear. Health consequences of child marriage in africa ncbi. The effects of early marriage among young adults essay cram. Most will be in subsaharan africa and the asian subcontinent nepal, india, pakistan, bangladesh. Some people are advocated for early marriage because it is healthy.
Traditionally the culture of early marriages had started during the medieval period. Pregnancy, early marriage, depression, psychological health issues introduction throughout the world number of girls are suffering as a result of early marriage, approximately 2050% of girls are married by the age of 18 in developing countries somerset, 2000. Jun 01, 2016 discover librarianselected research resources on child marriage from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals, magazines. Poverty, lack of education, cultural practices, and insecurity fuel and sustain the practice. A harmful traditional practice 9 consequences related to power imbalance. Dec 21, 2012 the studies show that the early marriage has inflicted dangerous and devastating effects on young children who are compelled to tie the knot in most cases. A burgeoning literature suggests that marriage may have a wide range of benefits, including improvements in individuals economic wellbeing, mental and physical health, and the wellbeing of their children. The purpose of this study is to identify interpret and understand the effect of early marriage on the academic performance of the girlchild with a view to recommending appropriate measure to be taken in order to enhance their welfare in terms of education and thus empower them to become relevant and potential citizens of the contemporary nigeria. Some of them were already mentioned above, but here is a more detailed description of them. While early marriage takes many differ ent forms and has various causes, one issue is paramount. The studies show that the early marriage has inflicted dangerous and devastating effects on young children who are compelled to tie the knot in most cases. For both girls and boys, early marriage has profound physical, intellectual, psychological and emotional. Jun 30, 2019 top 7 disadvantages of early marriage problems of early marriage responsibility. Throughout the world, marriage has always been regarded as the moment of the celebration and certainly a milestone in the adult s life but adversely there is no celebration on early marriages.
It is our hope that the findings of this survey will be an important contribution to the design. The effects of early marriage can vary depending on the age of the individual and the culture, but early marriage poses more problems than benefits for the partners involved. Positive and negative effects of marriage on your health. Early marriage, marital relations and intimate artner violence in ethiopia 8 international perspectives on seual and reproductive health measures and analysis analyses for this study were restricted to women aged 2024 so that no respondent was still at risk for marriage during adolescence. Dotted line represents approximately the line of control in jammu and kashmir agreed upon by india and pakistan. Child marriage refers to any marriage of a child younger than eighteen years old, in accordance to article 1 of the. Ethiopia and some west african countries, some girls get married as early as 7 years. Yet, the consequences of child marriage are not the same whether. Unrecognised sexual abuse and exploitation of children in child, early and forced marriage the universal declaration of human rights, 1948 marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. Many factors interact to place a child at risk of marriage, including poverty, the perception that marriage will provide protection, family honor, social norms, customary or religious laws that condone the practice, an inadequate legislative framework and the state of a countrys civil registration system.
Young adults may endure misery as a result of early marriage. A forced early marriage arrangement neglects both human rights and individual choice. Early marriage in nigeria is against international conventions mentioned earlier in this work, which placed the legal age of consent to marriage at 18 years. One of the crucial factors for preventing early marriage is raising of awareness of adolescents, their parents, families, and society about the issues such as risks of early marriage, family. Economic impacts of child marriage world bank documents. One of our key priorities is to learn what causes child marriage. They contract a marriage due to the customs inherent to their ancestors. The number of girls entering early marriage has not been found to stagnate everywhere, but the age of when entering marriage tends to increase. Ending child marriage in a generation ford foundation.
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